The most common errors that can occur when using blood collection tubes are inaccuracies in latitude, hemolysis, contamination, and volume. Exposure to extreme temperatures may also cause samples to be rejected for testing.
Overfilling a blood collection tube with a specific volume requirement may also result in a defect, while underfilling may cause the volume to be tested. All of these errors result in sample rejection because the DSHS laboratory cannot ensure the accuracy of the test results. Hemolysis can be caused by a variety of factors, such as using the wrong type of tube, improper sample handling, or excessive shaking during collection. To prevent hemolysis, it is important to use the correct type of tube for testing, follow correct collection technique, and avoid excessive agitation of the sample.
Another potential problem when using blood collection tubes is contamination. Contamination can occur if the blood collection tube is not properly sealed, the collection site is not properly cleaned, or the sample is accidentally exposed to external contaminants. Contamination can lead to inaccurate test results and can pose a risk to patients and health care workers. To prevent contamination, it is important to ensure that the collection site is thoroughly cleaned before sample collection, that blood collection tubes are properly sealed after collection, and that samples are handled and stored in a sterile manner.
Sample integrity may also be compromised during handling and transportation. To prevent hemolysis of red blood cells, whole blood samples should never be frozen. Blood collection tubes must also protect samples from hot environments such as mail trucks and drop boxes, especially during the summer, to prevent decomposition.
In addition to hemolysis and contamination, meeting specified volume requirements is particularly important when blood collection tubes contain additives, such as powdered anticoagulants in purple-top tubes. If less blood is drawn into the tube than required, the added dose present may interfere with the accuracy of the test results. If too much blood is drawn, the amount of additive may not be sufficient for its intended purpose, producing inaccurate results. To resolve these issues, it is important to carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions for using the blood collection tube, including proper handling and storage guidelines. It is also important to receive appropriate training in phlebotomy techniques to ensure that samples are collected correctly and safely. Healthcare facilities should have policies and procedures in place to ensure proper handling and labeling of blood collection tubes, as well as guidelines to address any issues that may arise during sample collection or processing.
